Geometry, also, is of much assistance in architecture, and in particular it teaches us the use of the rule and compasses, by which especially we acquire readiness in making plans for buildings in their grounds, and rightly apply the square, the level, and the plummet. Secondly, he must have a knowledge of drawing so that he can readily make sketches to show the appearance of the work which he proposes. An architect ought to be an educated man so as to leave a more lasting remembrance in his treatises. Let him be educated, skilful with the pencil, instructed in geometry, know much history, have followed the philosophers with attention, understand music, have some knowledge of medicine, know the opinions of the jurists, and be acquainted with astronomy and the theory of the heavens.Ĥ. Neither natural ability without instruction nor instruction without natural ability can make the perfect artist. He ought, therefore, to be both naturally gifted and amenable to instruction. It appears, then, that one who professes himself an architect should be well versed in both directions. That which is signified is the subject of which we may be speaking and that which gives significance is a demonstration on scientific principles. In all matters, but particularly in architecture, there are these two points:-the thing signified, and that which gives it its significance. But those who have a thorough knowledge of both, like men armed at all points, have the sooner attained their object and carried authority with them.ģ. It follows, therefore, that architects who have aimed at acquiring manual skill without scholarship have never been able to reach a position of authority to correspond to their pains, while those who relied only upon theories and scholarship were obviously hunting the shadow, not the substance.
Theory, on the other hand, is the ability to demonstrate and explain the productions of dexterity on the principles of proportion.Ģ. Practice is the continuous and regular exercise of employment where manual work is done with any necessary material according to the design of a drawing. This knowledge is the child of practice and theory. The architect should be equipped with knowledge of many branches of study and varied kinds of learning, for it is by his judgement that all work done by the other arts is put to test.
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